Plumb and level



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W. J. GARNER 8v T. CONNAUGHTON.

PLUMB AND LEVEL.

No. 453,902. Patented June 9,1891.

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W. J. GARNIER 81; T'. GONNAUGHTON.

' PLUME AND LEVEL.

No. 453,902. Patented June 9,1891.

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W. J. GARNBR au T. CONNAUGHTON. PLUMB AND LEVEL.

No. 453,902. Patented June 9,1891.

Fig. 1a.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VILLIAM J. GARNER AND THOMAS OONNAUGHTON, OF LATOURELL FALLS,

I OREGON.

PLUMB AN D' LEVEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 453,902, dated June 9,1891. Application filed April 5, 1890. Serial No. 346,754. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that we, WILLIAM J. GAENER and THOMAS CONNAUGHTON, residingat Latourell Falls, Multnomah county, and State of Oregon, have inventeda new and Improved gevel, of which the following is a specifica` ion.

This invention is animprovement in plumbs and levels; and it consists incertain novel ro constructions and combinations of parts, as will behereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a face view of the device with theextension raised. Fig. 2 is an edge view thereof with the extensionlowered. Fig. 3 is a sectional view on about line 3 3 of- Fig. 2. Fig. 4is a sectional view on about line 4 4 of Fig. 3. Fig.- 5 shows asomewhat different construction of extension 2o and arm from thatshownin Fig. 1. Fig. (i shows a somewhat different construction of thetop of the stock and of the extension-tube. Fig. 7 shows a differentconstruction for securing the upper end of the bob-cord. Fig. z 5 Sshows a modified arrangement of the lower level. Fig. 9 shows some ofthe parts in detail, and Figs. 10 and 11 are respectively face andsectional views of a modified construction within some of the broadprinciples of the invention, and Fig. 12 shows the glass piece formed toprovide top and side plates for the weight or bob-points.

The stock A may be of any suitable material, but is preferably of wood,having the straight edges a a2 and'faces A A2. Ator near its lower endthe stock A is provided with a mortise B, in which plays the plumbbob C,which bob is inclosed, as presently described, and is suspended on acord C or other swinging support, Whichis also incased or inclosed, suchinclosing of the cord orsupport and bob serving to protect such partsfrom the iniiuence of the wind, so that the said parts will not bedisturbed by the wind when being used in the open air. In Figs. l, 2, 3,

and 4 the mortise B is shown'as formed centrally in the lower end of thestock A, and a metal frame D is secured on said end. At itslower end theInortise B is rabbeted at b 5o to receive a glass. plate E, which isheld in place by the frame D, which has it bottom plate formed with anopening e, exposing plate E, as will be understood from Figs. 3

'and 4. Ve provide this plate E with graduations E', as shown in Fig. 9.55

The frame D has end plates D, which lap against the edges a CL2 of stockA, and side plates D2, which lap against the faces A A2 of the saidstock, such side plates D2 being provided wi th openings CZ d', throughwhich the bob may be seen through glass E2, and one of such plates D2 isformed with an opening (Z2, which exposes to view the spirit-level F,which level is set transverselyin the stock A in an opening whichextends from the face Al of the stock into the mortise B, so that thecord C maybe seen across the level, as will be understood from Fig. 4.W'e secure the level F removably in position by means of end screw-capsf. (Shown in Fig. 8.) The bob C has its lower end pointed, and isprovided at its upper end with a handle-like portion C2, having anopening to facilitate the connection of the cord C. An opening O3 isprovided, preferably in the handle part 75 O2,'to receive thesteadying-rod O4, which preferably is screw-threaded in the frame D andstock A, and projects into the opening Cgand serves to permit a limitedswinging motion of the bob, and yet prevents the said bob from rotating.This rod C4 also serves to prevent the bob from breaking the glasspanes.

To secure the inclosing of the bob cord or support C the stock A isprovided with a recess to receive the same. This recess G is preferablyformed by boring down from the upper end of the stock A until the holeso bored communicates with the mortise B, and the cord connected withthe plumb-bob eX- tends up through the recess or channel G and issuitably secured,so that it may swing with the bob. It is preferred toprovide a cap-plate H at the top of the bar A, and to provide at theupper end of recess or channel (JlV a guidesleeve h. 95

An extension is supported to slide longitudinally in the channel G andsleeve h, and is preferably made tubular, as shown, for lightness andstrength and to enable the cord C to be passed up through it. The cord,as roo Shown, extends up through the tube and is secured to the cap Jtliereol, such cap being preferably threaded in the tube and having acentral opening]l for the coid and a cross slitj', in which the cord maybe secured, the

cap having a groove or annular depression J',

iii which the cord C' may be wrapped when the tube is lowered into thestock A, as shown in Figs. 3 and t, the cord after being so xo wrappedbeing secured by pressing it down in nick j'. lVhen the tube is to beraised, the

cord is unwrapped and secured by its knot from passing down throughopeningj. On

the tube I and the top of the stock A we provide at t guide-lines, whichenable the tube when extended to be set accuiatcly with iespect to thestock A.

The extension I is provided with an ariii I', the end or ends of whichare in line with the edge or edges a' or a2 of the stock A, so that thedevice can be used to accurately test a longer surface than when theextension-tube is down in the stock. In the construction shown in Figsl,2, 3,'and t the arm I' is a bar 2 5 secured centrally by cap J in aslotin the upper end of the extension-tube and fitting iii its loweredposition in a groove i' in the upper end of the stock A, while in 5 thearm I' is hinged atits lower end in a recess in the side ot the tube,and may be turned out to a horizontal position, as shown, wit-li itsedge in alignment with one of the edges of the stock A, as indicated indotted lines, Fig. 5. A screw I2 serves to secure the extension rigidlyin any desired position, up or down. It will be noticed that theextension not only increases the length of the surface which may betested by the device, butl also enables the use of a longersuspension-cord when the tube is drawn up, and so increases the accuracyof the testing.

At one edge of the stock A we provide a spirit-level M and at theopposite edge a swinging gravity-level N, comprising a weighted pointern, pivoted between two screws n', turned into the bar A from oppositesides, such weighted pointer being seated in a inortise in the stock A,which mortise has glass top and side plates `n2 n3, the latter beingproperly graduated, as will be understood from Figs. l, 3, and 9.

In Fig. G the cap J is shown integral with the tube I, and theplate IIis countersunk at Il', so that the top of the cap may rest ilush withthe top of the plate II without preventing winding of cord C' in grooveJ'.

In Fig. 7 the extension I is omitted and a screw-cap J is provided forsecuring the upper end of the cord, such cap being adjustablevertically. When the bob swings, by lowering or screwing part J in theframe the swinging motion is stopped. By raising the part J a little itsuddenly finds its center point.

In Fig. S the level F is arranged below the 6 5 bob and in position toindicate with reference to the point thereof instead of its cord C', asshown in Fig. 3.

In Figs. l() and ll the opening l is ioriiied by inortising in the taceolf stock A and covering the said inortise bya glass plate I. In 7o suchiigures, also, the suspension device C' is a bar and is pivotallysuspended from the lower end of a lever Q, which is pivoted at q and hasat its upper end a pointer Q', which registers along a graduated scaleQ2.

It will be understood that the mortising or boring of the stock A toforni the recess G serves when such bar is of wood to in large partavoid the warping of same by exposing its internal as well as itsexternal portions to atmospheric influences.

It may be preferred to use the glass piece shown in Fig. l forregistration by the point ot weight N, and also for bob C, as suoliconstruction, being ciirved in cross-section, serves 8 5 to provide bothtop and side plates, and as the said part is made in one piece thegraduations can be more easily formed in the top and sides thereof thanit the said top and sides weie made in separate pieces. 9o

Having thus described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is

l. The combination ol. the stock, the bob, the level F, supported by thestock and arranged transversely of and adjacent to the bob, and thesuspension device connected with the bob and extended upwardly therefromand secured at a point above the level, all substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of the stock, the bob having an opening C3, thesuspension-cord supporting said bob, and the steadying-rod C4,projecting into said opening C3, all substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

The combination of the stock A, the swinging gravity-pointer n, fittedin a Inortise in the stock, and the glass cover-piece curved incross-section transversely the direction in which the gravity-pointerswings 11o and fitted over the pointer n, all substantially as and forthe purposes set forth.

l. The combination of the stock A, the extension I,movablelongitudinally in said stock, the bob, and the suspension device securedii 5 to such bob and connected with the extension, substantially as setforth.

5. The combination ot' the stock A, having inoitise B and opening G, thebob and its suspension device, the end frame D, iitted on the i zo lowerend of the stock A and having openings c and d', and the glass plates EE2, all substantially as described, and for the purposes set forth.

G. 'lhe combination of the stock A, the extension I, made tubular andfitting and movable longitudinally in said stock, the bob and itssuspension device connected with such bob and extended up through andconnected with the tube, all substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

7. The combination of the stock A, the extension-tube I, having its capprovided with a groove J', the bob, and the suspension-cord IOOconnected with such extension-tube and arranged to be wrapped in saidgroove J When the tube is lowered, substantially as set forth.

8. The combination of the stock A, the extension I, movablelongitudinally and having au arm I', and the bob and its suspensiondevice, substantially as' set forth.

9. The combination of the stock A, the extension I, made tubular, thearm I', fitted in a slot in said extension I and secured bythe cap JJthereof, and the bob and its suspension device connected With saidtubular extension I, all substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

l0. The improved plumb and level, consisting of the stock A, havingmortise B and opening G and provided With a groove t" in its upper end,the bottom and side plates E E2 for mortise B, the frame D, havingopenings e d', through which to expose plates E E2, and

having an opening di, the level F, arranged to show through opening (Z2,the extension I, made tubular and sliding in opening G, and the bob Cand its suspension device C', all substantially as and for the purposesset forth.'

11. The combination of the extensible support, one or morespirit-levels, and a plumb line and bob, substantially as shown anddescribed.

12. A plumb or level having an extensible support that can be lengthenedor shortened, substantially as and for the purpose described.

13. A plumb or level having an extensible support composed of telescopicsections or bars, substantially as described.

WILLIAM J. GARNER. THOMAS CONNAUGHTON. XVitnesses:

WILLIAM H. FALLIs, HENRY THOMPSON.

